Table 5 Risk of bias assessment ROBINS-I tool
Risk of bias domains | Doocy 2019 [34] | Doocy 2018 [35] | Doocy 2017 [36] | Baliki 2018 [37] | Leuveld 2018 [38] | Vallet 2021 [39] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bias due to confounding | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Serious |
Bias in selection of participants into the study | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Bias in classification of the interventions | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Bias due to deviations from intended interventions | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | NA | Moderate | NA |
Bias due to missing data | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low |
Bias in measurement of outcomes | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
Bias in selection of the reported result | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Overall risk | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Serious |