Personalized modifications to the standard guidelines based on DNA profile | |
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Variation in ACE, PPARG, ADRB2 (Gln27Glu), TCF7L2, FABP2 | Lower glycemic load (GL) diet, extra fiber, reduction of added sugars [3, 11, 25, 48] |
Variation in LPL, FTO, APOA2, APOC3, ADRB2 (Arg16Gly), ADRB3, PPARG, TCF7L2 | Restriction of saturated fats to no more than 16 g/day with concurrent increase in unsaturated fat consumption, such as olive oil [28] |
Variation in GSTM1 and GSTT1 | Ensure consumption of an adequate intake of cruciferous vegetables - 200 g five times per week [39] |
Variation in GPX1 | Consume foods rich in selenium such as Brazil nuts, fresh fish, meat, wheat germs, brown rice, oats, and onion. In case of low plasma selenium, supplementation of 200 mcg/day was recommended [38] |
Variation in TNF and IL6 | Increased consumption of omega-3 rich foods. Green tea, turmeric, ginger, rosemary, oregano were also recommended, along with supplementary omega 3 (1-2 g/day) [49] |
Variation in MTHFR | Increase consumption of folate-rich foods (dark leafy greens, asparagus, bean, peas, lentils, avocado, okra). Supplementation with 400mcg folate, 3 mg vitamin B6, 5 mg vitamin B12, 2.5 mg vitamin B2, 12 mg zinc, and 250 mg of TMG/betaine [9] |
Variation in CYP1A2 and EPHX1 | Increase consumption of antioxidants, such as grapes, blueberries, sweet potatoes and orange vegetables. Decrease in caffeine consumption. Decrease consumption of grilled meat and fish to 1–2 servings per week. [10, 35] |
Variation in SOD2 and CAT | Increase antioxidant consumption through diet [12]. |
Variation in LCT | Reduction of lactose, use lactose-free dairy. [44] |
Variation in VDR | Keep caffeine below 2 cups coffee/day. Increase dairy component of diet (yoghurt, cheese and low-fat milk). If required add supplement containing 800 IU vitamin D and 1300 mg Calcium. [51, 52] |
Variation in HLA-DQ | Check for symptoms of gluten intolerance – refer to medical doctor if necessary. [41] |