Table 3 Data collection in identified national nutrition surveys

Canada

CHMS

2 y

Home interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, blood and urine samples

Dietary intake and habits

FFQ

Canada

CCHS

1 y

CAPI, CATI, and physical exam

Anthropometrics

Dietary intake, habits, supplements, and food security

24-h recall

US

NHANES

2 y

Home and phone interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, imaging, dental check, blood and urine samples

Dietary intake, habits, and food security

2-day 24-h recall

UK

NDNS

2 y

Interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, blood and urine samples

Dietary intake

4-day food diary

Greece

HNNHS

1.5 y

CAPI, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, and blood samples

Dietary intake and eating practices

2-day 24-h recall + FPQ

Greece

HYDRIA

1.5 y

In-person interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, and blood samples

Dietary intake

2-day 24-h recall + FPQ + Eating out choices questionnaire

Poland

WOBASZ

1 y

In-person interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, and blood samples

Dietary intake

24-h recall + FFQ

Portugal

IAN-AF

1 y

In-person interview, CAPI, and physical exam

Anthropometrics

Dietary intake, habits, supplements, and food insecurity

2-day 24-h recall + FFQ

Spain

ENALIA 2

1 y

Home interview, CATI, and physical exam

Anthropometrics

Dietary intake and supplement use

2-day 24-h recall + FPQ + FFQ

Switzerland

The National Nutrition Survey (menuCH)

1 y

CAPI, CATI, and physical exam

Anthropometrics

Dietary intake

2-day 24-h recall

Turkey

TNHS

1 y

Home interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, blood and urine samples

Dietary intake, habits, supplements, and food purchasing

1-day 24-h recall + FFQ

Russia

RLMS

4–5 mo

In-person interview and physical exam

Anthropometrics

Dietary intake

1-day 24-h recall

Czech Republic

SISP

1 y

Home interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, and blood samples

Dietary intake

2-day 24-h recall

Finland

FINDIET

10 mo

CAPI, CATI, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, and blood samples

Dietary intake and supplement use

2-day 24-h recall + FPQ

Hungary

Hungarian National Food Consumption Survey among adults

2 y

Home interview, CATI, and physical exam

Anthropometrics

Dietary intake and habits

2-day 24-h recall + FPQ

Iceland

Icelandic NNS

1 y

Phone interview

None

Dietary intake and habits

2-day 24-h recall + FFQ

Austria

Austrian Nutrition Survey

2 y

CAPI, CATI, self-administered/online questionnaire, and physical exam

Anthropometrics

Dietary intake

2-day 24-h recall + FFQ

Belgium

BNFCS

NS

Oral interview and physical exam

Anthropometrics

Dietary intake

2-day 24-h recall + FFQ

Denmark

DANSDA

NS

In-person interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, and blood samples

Dietary intake

7-day food diary

France

ESTEBAN

2 y

Personal interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, and blood samples

Dietary intake

3-day 24-h recall

Germany

NVS

NS

CAPI, self-administered questionnaire, and physical exam

Anthropometrics

Dietary intake

2-day 24-h recall + FFQ

Ireland

NANS

NS

Research visit, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, blood and urine samples

Dietary intake

4-day food diary

Italy

INRAN-SCAI

1.2 y

Only self-recorded food diary

Anthropometrics (self-reported)

Dietary intake

3-day food diary

Netherlands

DNFCS

4 y

Home interview and physical exam

Anthropometrics

Dietary intake and habits

2-day 24-h recall

Japan

NHNS

1 mo

In-person interview and physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, and blood samples

Dietary intake, habits, and food purchasing

3-day food diary

Mongolia

Mongolia NNS

NS

In-person interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, blood and urine samples

Dietary intake, food security, and supplement use

24-h recall + FFQ

South Korea

KNHANES

1 y

In-person interviews, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, imaging, dental check, blood and urine samples

Dietary intake, habits, food security, and supplement use

24-h recall + FFQ

China

CHNS

NS

In-person interviews, physical exam, clinical and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, blood, urine, faeces and toenail samples and buccal swabs

Dietary intake

3-day food record + FFQ

India

NNMB Survey

2 y

In-person interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, and blood samples

Dietary intake

24-h recall

Philippines

NNS

4–10 mo

Home interview, physical exam, clinical and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, and blood samples

Dietary intake and food insecurity

2-day 24-h recall

Singapore

NNS

5 mo

In-person interview and laboratory tests

Urine samples

Dietary intake and practices

DPQ + FFQ

Singapore

NPHS

1 y

Home interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, blood and urine samples

Dietary intake and habits

FFQ

Taiwan

NAHSIT

NS

In-person interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Body composition, blood and urine samples

Dietary intake and habits

FFQ

Thailand

TFCS

1 y

Home interview and a physical exam

Anthropometrics

Dietary intake and habits

24-h recall + FFQ

Saudi Arabia

SHIS

3 mo

Home interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, and blood samples

Dietary intake

FFQ

Saudi Arabia

National Survey of Health, Diet, Physical Activity and Supplements among adults

6 mo

CAPI and CATI

Anthropometrics (self-reported)

Dietary intake, habits, and shopping practices

FFQ

Saudi Arabia

KSAWHS

NS

CAPI, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, and blood samples

Dietary intake of selected items

FFQ

Kuwait

KNNS

1.5 y

In-person interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, and blood samples

Dietary intake and habits

24-h recall

United Arab Emirates

UAEWHS

6 mo

CAPI, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, and blood samples

Dietary intake of selected items

FFQ

Australia

NHS/NNPAS

1 y

In-person and phone interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, blood and urine samples

Dietary intake, habits, and supplements

2-day 24-h recall

New Zealand

NZANS

1 y

In-person interview, physical exam, and laboratory tests

Anthropometrics, physiological measurements, blood and urine samples

Dietary intake, habits and food security

1–2-day 24-h recall